The Complexity of modern engineering projects, driven by the integration of multiple disciplines and the demand for higher system reliability, necessitates advanced methodologies beyond traditional document-based systems engineering. Model-Based systems engineering (MBSE) has emerged as a crucial methodology, leveraging domain models to manage the intricacies of Complex engineering systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MBSE, tracing its historical development, key concepts, and theoretical frameworks. It contrasts MBSE with traditional systems engineering, highlighting its superiority in managing Complexity through enhanced traceability, validation, and early detection of design flaws. The application of MBSE across industries such as aerospace, automotive, and defense is examined, with a focus on case studies demonstrating its success and the challenges encountered. Emerging trends, including the integration of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and digital twins, are explored, revealing the potential for these technologies to further enhance MBSE practices. Despite its strengths, MBSE faces challenges related to scalability, integration with other engineering disciplines, and the need for more robust validation methods. The review concludes with recommendations for practitioners and researchers, emphasizing the importance of continued innovation and education in MBSE to address these challenges and ensure its relevance in future Complex engineering projects.

Accompany with technology improvement، traditional systems have been superseded with Complex engineering systems. Operation in uncertain and dynamic environments is one of the most important characteristics of these types of systems. The perturbations، which exist in uncertain and dynamic environments، can extremely affect the value delivery of Complex engineering systems to their stakeholders. So improving the ability of these systems against uncertainty seems inevitable. Therefore، in this study we have proposed some design principles and rules which when added to system architecture leads to have more viable systems against perturbations in uncertain and dynamic environments. Also، a 7 step mathematical model is presented for analyzing the amount of design principles’ impact on systems ability against uncertainty. The main characteristics of proposed model are: describing the uncertainty in the operational environment، analyzing how the uncertainty will affect the functional and physical characteristics of the system and finally representing the regions in the system architecture that are mostly impacted by the operational uncertainties The applicability of the proposed model is presented by using a descriptive example of synthetic aperture radar satellite as a Complex engineering system and finally the results of that have been analyzed by more details.

Introduction: Carney Complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

In this paper, a general Complex fuzzy linear system is introduced and a numerical procedure for calculating solution is proposed. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the mentioned method.

In this research, an engineered process with a new approach to change control is presented and implemented on a Complex space product. This approach involves using design constraint levels in a combination of two design structure matrix (DSM) structures and a systematic process for controlling changes. The system process includes the use of the system change evaluation code, how to create the transfer model, and the management evaluation of the requested change. While using similar existing methods in the literature, this paper provides a systematic approach to apply the knowledge of the designers of a space project to guide change control of large engineering projects, including managerial change control decisions and how to identify the best path for the change control process. Finally, a space orbiter has been selected for a brief implementation of a case study. The comparative results show the benefit of the proposed approach.